The OECD's
USA Briefing Note as a part of their Education at a Glance 2005 survey "summarizes the main characteristics of the US education system", and is very succinct and interesting. It was developed in part for the purpose of benchmarking the US education system's performance for the EU 25 countries who have collectively set a target of overtaking its performance by 2010.
Items of note include that per-student spending is second highest to Switzerland while early-secondary educational outcomes are below-average to average, implying a highly inefficient system. The teachers in public primary schools teach at least 50% more hours than the OECD average, with the second-highest OECD salary, in the second-highest income-per-capita country, which might make the in-country living standard of teachers similar across the higher income-per-capita countries (ie. relatively low), while US teachers work on average 50% more hours per year. The educational attainment of 15-year-olds is measured in three areas: literacy, math and problem solving. Scores in math and problem solving are below average (of OECD countries) and not abnormally distributed; scores in literacy are average but divided, with a top-performing minority and counterbalancing majority.
The article asks specifically how the US can have such a strong knowledge economy without having a stronger education system, and considers the possibility thatlevel of education does not matter to the knowledge economy, although US levels of education tie with the UK in having the greatest impact on income level in the OECD countries. The US' strong knowledge economy is attributed partly to a greater flexibility in the US labor market along the US' advantage in having had much higher secondary and tertiary education rates than other OECD countries in earlier decades, though this advantage is shown to have eroded. The university education system is still considered the major strength (and draws twice average per-student funding), though whether this strength extends to all universities isn't considered. However, credit is given to the university system's sheer size, plus the fact that it educates around 30% of all international students, a large percentage of whom study the sciences or engineering, and a high level of job-related continuing education.
It's concluding point hardly fits a summary of the education system proposed as a benchmark for successful performance in the knowledge economy: "Should the US Worry About Its Education System?" To this point, the No Child Left Behind act is provided as evidence the US is facing its educational concerns. So it seems the current advantage for the US in maintaining its status comes from the sheer size of its educational system along with its ability to attract international participation, and significant investment in those who are successful within the system. This implies that outside of the ability to attract international participation, the US' method for staying at the forefront of the knowledge economy is largely brute force and reliant on strong participation in the university system, which is not helped by the growing
necessary reliance on heavy loan debt for the majority of the student population. Or, for that matter, by the increasing high school dropout rate; in 2004
68% of 9th graders were expected to complete high school, as opposed to 85% 40-50 years ago and 87% 10-20 years ago.
A separate, but equally interesting
article by
Jonathan Kozol is also well worth a read, and potentially very enlightening about the literacy divide. (Thanks,
Eddie!)